I agree that 12 months is a tough age to "discipline" since they don't really understand what you are saying and they can't verbally communicate to you what they want other than crying or fussing. BUT, I do believe babies are WAAAAYYYY smarter than we give them credit for. They may not understand exactly what we are saying but they do understand/associate our body language, facial expressions, tone of voice with particular actions. They have done so since they were in utero and could hear your voice.
So he does know at such a young age that certain actions on his part, get you to do or not do things. They aren't trying to manipulate you on purpose, but they are trying to manipulate the scene to test what will or won't happen if they do this or that. And unfortunately, if you can't handle the whining now at just 12 months....wait until you see what a 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 year old can do.
I don't really think my kids starting whining until they were a little older (around 16 months). Does he get enough sleep at night and naps during the day? Could be he is just a little over tired. I know for my kids they get REALLY whiney when they are too tired or too hungry (but who doesn't get this way when they are tired or hungry?).
There are so many "Parenting" books out there. I have flipped through a bunch and have taken what I can use from each book and applied it, and disregarded the other tips that don't apply to our family. One that I really liked about raising boys is by Dobson, and I believe it is called How to Raise Boys in a Christian Way. Or might just simply be called "How to Raise Boys". My hubby also read it and still continues to flip through it every once in awhile when he doesn't know how to handle situations with our 3 yo very rambunctious and energetic son.
I agree that baby signing can help you both understand each other. For my kids, that wasn't necessary since both are very verbal or could physically show me what they wanted, even at such an early age.
I also agree that you shouldn't give in to his demands when he is fussing/whining. It only encourages the "bad" actions. If you are consistent with your body language and tone of voice and say something like "No whining" or "Calm Down" in a deep authoritative tone everytime, he will eventually associate it with his whining and not getting his way.
But you've also just got to get used to the fact that whining is part of a young child's life. It will happen over and over and over again. It's part of their way of testing the world (especially their parents). ANd it will happen in the most uncomfortable places for you...on a crowded airplane, in the middle of the grocery store, in front of your friends at a huge wedding reception, in the middle of the sermon at church, etc. All been there, done that for us. So embarassing, but it's all normal.
My hubby and I just do our best to tell our kids that the action is not acceptable and that there are consequences for their actions. We do our best to not give into their demands unless they calm down and ask us nicely (we are starting to work with our 16 month old daughter on this right now). If they don't calm down and the tantrum escalates, they are removed from the situation (taken to the car, put in their room for time out, etc.) On occasion they will get spanked if they start throwing things or doing something that will hurt themselves or others. Often times with our 3 yo son we take away privledges (the movie he was watching gets turned off, if we were on our way to a playdate or at a playdate we go home immediately, etc.)
But right now with our 16 month old daughter, we just do our best to not give her what she is demanding until she can ask nicely. That's her level right now . Later on down the road, time outs and taking priviledges away will work.