Hi H.!
I have a toddler and an infant at home. I love my toddler and really enjoy him but there are times when he really pushes my buttons! My husband and I have been working on the discipline and here are my best suggestions:
1) Allow them a lot of physical play. When the weather is bad take them to indoor playgrounds. There is one in Latham called "Cartwheels". When they have too much pent up energy it leads to meltdowns and mischiveous behavior.
2) Watch the food they eat. Cut back on juice, candy, or empty carbs. Make sure they have healthy snacks between meals (yogurt, fruit etc). Try to stay on schedule with meals. I know my two are very irritable when they are hungry. Toddlers+ can get very nutty when on a sugar rush and then beware of the crash!
3) Maintain a consistent routine. Try to have meals, bathtime, playtime and naps all around the same times every day. Creating this structure gives them boundries and paces them so they don't feel confused or aimless. They will be less likely to fuss when you say "it's dinner time" or "it's bed time" if they know it comes every day at the same time. They expect it and start to accept it as a given. Stick with it as much as you can. They need to know the house rules and to know you will not change the rules.
3) Try starting a rewards Jar (we learned this one from Joe on Supernanny). This is for positive reinforcement. Get a plastic Jar (I used an old pretzel jar) and put their name on it. Buy some pingpong balls in the sports section of Walmart or Target and hand these out when they do a behavior you want. Like put their cup in the sink or make their bed. If they refuse to do the behavior, take a ball away. Tell them that when the jar is FULL, they can get a new toy, or go on a special trip etc.
This works well with the toddlers. We did it for three weeks with our son. Now he puts his cup in the sink, hangs up his coat and walks up the stairs into the house everyday without needing to give a ball. After three weeks he just continued doing the behavior as habit.
For your older son you can customize it a little differently. Maybe if he likes video games you can reward his behavior with minutes for game playing?
4) TIME OUT - We only use "time out" for behaviors like hitting, or if he breaks or destroys something. For time-outs they have to first know the rules. So form the house rules and then tell them what those rules are. Establish a time out spot(chair, step), then if they break a house rule, you give them a warning, then you place them on the time out spot, tell them why you put them there, keep them there for 1 minute per year of their age (5 minutes for your 5 year old) and do not make eye contact or talk to them while they are there. If you have to keep placing them back, do it without talking to them and without looking at them. Repeat it until they stay there. Tell them not to get up until you come get them. When their time is up go to them. Look at them at eye level, explain why you put them on time out and what rule they broke, then ask for an apology. Hugs and kisses after.
5) As far as learning techniques, my husband and I have taken a little bit of advice from as many places as we can. We watch Nanny 911 or Supernanny on TV, we read books, we ask the daycare teachers, we ask other moms. We take all the advice and apply it as we think will work best with our children.
All family dynamics are different and different children have different personalities and react differently to different forms of discipline. You have to test what works best on your children.
For example, with my son what works best for discipline with him is negative reinforcement. We threaten to take something of value away--usually a toy train-- if he does not do as we ask, like put his coat on, take his medicine, pick up a mess. But make sure not to threaten to take away things like food or free play. These are necessary for their development and should not be used for bargaining.
GOOD LUCK H.! I HOPE YOU START TO SEE THE RESULTS YOU ARE LOOKING FOR.
R. Niles