**(adding this):
This is a real tight-rope age. Because, although they are testy... if a teen does not feel that they can express themselves at home, with their parents... they will seek to do so outside the home. Ideally, it is at home with their parents, where a teen/child should feel they can talk about their problems-feelings-hopes-dreams-ideas... if they feel they cannot do this with their parents, they will shut-down and shut you out. This is not good.
Even if it is just for "venting" a teen or child, should feel they CAN do so, safely, with their parents. My sister... went through a period where she just SHUT out my parents... and refused to tell them anything. As a teen. Because she felt, they were always against her. (not true, but that is what she felt).
For you/Hubby: the "problem" is her talking back etc.
For HER: the "problem" is that you both don't listen to her nor 'hear' her.
Two different problems. And she is stubborn. My sister was like that too.
Teach her, how to have a conversation... IF she wants a dialogue and to be heard (you really have to show her that you hear her), then she has to act like a big girl and with maturity... so that you ALL can converse, and all having a chance to have OPEN dialogue about any subject. That means... her not yelling or having a melt-down... and you both validating her but showing her that as parents, you also have thoughts too.... and discuss it. Not a yes/no debate. And she has to learn to compromise...
A 12 year old does not even have full brain development yet. A brain, is not fully developed until 26-27 years old.
Oh boy, what an age huh?
If you look online, about "tweens", there are many article about them and their development. Maybe that will help.
I remember my sister being that way. Butting heads with my parents all the time. Not easy for the parent either.
But, school/grades were always priority. But social outlets are important too. Its part of growing up.
A kid this age, wants to be heard as you said... and not talked down to. They have SO many ideas/feelings... and sometimes, just validating them will help, even if you disagree.
There is a book called: "how to talk so kids will listen, and listen so your kids will talk" which is real good, even for adults. You can find it on Amazon.
Also, perhaps having regular monthly or semi-monthly family "meetings" with her, might help her feel a part of the process. Making the "meetings" interactive, allowing her to voice her feelings/thoughts... and how you/Hubby feel and just for you all to talk about what is going on for the month/week, and what expectations there are and what needs you/Hubby have too. My parents did that and its pretty cool. It makes the family centered and so everyone knows what is going on. Touching base, amidst all the busy-ness. We do that with my kids too.
The kid, has to learn what it is to be a PART of a family... not against it.
And, how to converse. How to have a conversation... not yelling. Tell her she needs to learn how to CONVERSE..... and that means allowing both sides to express themselves.. .and her too. It is a discussion. And if she wants progress... and to have her feelings heard, she needs to understand that it is a 2-way street, of both sides being "heard."
She just wants validation... perhaps being acknowledged that she has good ideas/thoughts.. but that does not mean she can just do anything she wants. But that you will hear her out.
All the best,
Susan