Hi R.... I too was a single mom for the first 4 1/2yrs. of my sons life. I'm now married and have 3 boys (9yrs, 5yrs and 3yrs). I don't know the situation with his father, but what I learned with my first as a single parent I have carried on with raising my others. I am sure you have tried talking to his father, and I take it that he is no help? My suggestion to you is to then focus on what you can control... when he is with you. Some of these things may seem ovious, but none the same... I have found that being consistent is a must(ALWAYS). This action (good or bad) will result in this reaction(good or bad). My boys, even at age 3, know that there is always a choice. Good choices are praised and sometimes rewarded. Bad choices are diciplined, and sometimes punished. The most important thing is that good = good and bad = unpleasent ALWAYS, EVEN WHEN it may be easier to give in. I always let my boys know how special they are and how much I love them. This is even more important after having diciplined them. I explain that I know they are good boys, but that they were acting naughty. I ask them why and wait for an answer. If they don't answer I prob them (are you sad? why?, are you angry? why? etc.) I make them give me eye contact. I then ask them if they are happy when they act naughty and get in trouble. I explain that it makes me sad when he is naughty, and that we like to be happy, and that WE need to work on that. The whole time while I am trying to talk to them about it I try to use a soft, voice but NO baby talk. It may seem like alot of talking, but after awhile you'll find that you don't have to decipline as much and as often. Having a daily routin makes for happier kids too. His dad may not give this to him, and he may have fun over there, but if he knows what to expect he will be happier and feel more comfortable and safier at your home. Think about making a routin for when he comes back from his dads. (dinner, bath, read him books?) As an example, my 3yr. old knows that he gets to watch T.V. in the morning, and in the afternoon he plays outside, with toys etc. However, if I need to run around town one morning, I will let him know this before hand (at breakfast, or the night before if we have to leave earlier). If there is going to be any crying or arguing, it will happen then, before you need to go (which makes everyone happier). Little things like that can sometimes cause blow ups that are unfounded other than that it is out of the norm. Informing them that there will be a change before it happens gives them comfort and trust. Things won't change right away, but stick with it. I'm sure you are doing your best... keep it up:o) It will pay off. He will look to you as his rock and what gounds him. At the sametime he will know at you are his soft spot to land when life gets tough. Sorry it is soooo long. I just love my kids so much, and I know how hard it is to be a single mom. Good luck !!