Since you don't specify what types of processed or prepared foods you don't eat, it's a little hard to answer. Do you mind using lunch meat, canned meat, packaged or canned soups? What about boxed pastas or canned or frozen veggies?
For me, the secret to quick cooking on a weeknight is planning ahead. On the weekend, I might brown several pounds of lean ground beef and freeze in 1 1/3 - 1 1/2 pound packages to use later for spaghetti sauce or hamburger helper or some sort of casserole, tacos or whatever. Once it's cooked, even if it's still frozen, it takes no time to throw it in with jarred pasta sauce heat it up and serve it over whole wheat noodles.
Grilled steaks are quick. We have a gas grill and it takes about 10-15 minutes for my husband to grill steak and/or smoked sausage while I chop and saute mushrooms and onions, microwave steam some frozen veggies and serve with a side of mac and cheese or an instant or frozen potato dish.
Homemade soups are great made ahead and warmed up later. And homemade bean dishes are always better the next day.
I keep a few cans of tuna, chicken and beef in the pantry for times when I need very quick meals and can make a quick stir fry (with frozen stir fry vegges and canned beef or chicken) or a quick casserole (lots of recipes on www.recipezaar.com).
And there's always breakfast or lunch for dinner. One of my kids' favorite dinners is ramen noodle soup, turkey sandwiches and applesauce or tomato soup, grilled cheese sandwiches and applesauce. We don't have those often, mainly 'cause they aren't the parents' favorite, but in a pinch, they work just fine.
And of course, there is always the crockpot. I have a pork chops with potatoes, carrots and green beans recipe that's all cooked together and it's hot and waiting to be served when we get home. Beef pot roast with root veggies is the same way. I've got a pork shoulder that I added some seasonings to cooking right now in my crock pot which I will serve tonight shredded on potato rolls with corn, baked beans and bread and butter pickle chips. I normally don't like serving two starchy sides (corn and beans), but it's my husband's favorite so once in a while it's ok.
My main tip though is planning ahead if you want to eat at home and you need it quick.
Blessings,
N.