E.R.
Diabetes is a lifelong disease for which there is not yet a cure. There are several forms of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is often called juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes. In this type of diabetes, cells of the pancreas produce little or no insulin, the hormone that allows glucose to enter body cells.
Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. The body is unable to use this glucose for energy despite high levels in the bloodstream. This leads to increased hunger.
In addition, the high levels of glucose in the blood cause the patient to urinate more, which in turn causes excessive thirst. Within 5 to 10 years, the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas are completely destroyed and the body can not longer produce insulin.
Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, but it usually starts in people younger than 30. Symptoms are usually severe and occur rapidly.
The exact cause is unknown.
Symptoms
Increased thirst
Increased urination
Weight loss despite increased appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Fatigue
Absence of menstruation
Signs and tests
The following tests can be used to diagnose diabetes:
Urinalysis shows glucose and ketone bodies in the urine, but a blood test is required for diagnosis
Fasting blood glucose is 126 mg/dL or higher
Random (nonfasting) blood glucose exceeds 200 mg/dL (this must be confirmed with a fasting test)
Insulin test (low or undetectable level of insulin)
C-peptide test (low or undetectable level of the protein C-peptide, a by-product of insulin production)
Treatment
The immediate goals of treatment are to treat diabetic ketoacidosis and high blood glucose levels. Because of the sudden onset and severity of symptoms in type 1 diabetes, treatment for newly diagnosed people may involve hospitalization.
The long-term goals of treatment are to prolong life, reduce symptoms, and prevent diabetes-related complications such as blindness, kidney failure, and amputation of limbs.
These goals are accomplished through education, insulin use, meal planning and weight control, exercise, foot care, and careful self-testing of blood glucose levels.
INSULIN
Insulin lowers blood sugar by allowing it to leave the blood stream and enter cells. Everyone needs insulin. People with type 1 diabetes can't make their own insulin, and they must take insulin every day.
Insulin is injected under the skin or inhaled. In some cases, a pump delivers the insulin continuously. Insulin does not come in pill form.
Insulin preparations differ in how fast they start to work and how long they last. The health care professional reviews blood glucose levels to determine the appropriate type of insulin the person should use. More than one type of insulin may be mixed together in an injection to achieve the best control of blood glucose
I'm diabetic and have been since I was about 20 but didnt need insulin until I was pregnate then went to 3 shots a day and you really need to have a 5 hr glucose tolerance test done that will tell if shes diabetic or not or borderline.if she is watch her feet, I have nureopothy its a very painful nerve damage in your feet.dont let her go barefoot eather becouse dibetics take longer to heal and if your sugar is to high sometimes you dont heal.not to scare you just want you to be informed.