Have you gone to the branch where you opened your checking account and spoken to the branch manager about your situation with your husband's check? The branch manager usually has the authority to waive NSF charges in certain circumstances so it wouldn't hurt to ask. When I had my first child and was in the hospital for a week after an emergency c-section, a check didn't get deposited as it should and the same thing happened to us where multiple checks went through unpaid. I spoke to every payee and got them to waive their fees and also the branch manager and she waived the fees as well. It may not work for you but it's worth a try.
In regards to the domino effect you're describing, I usually would not advocate paying something late, especially because you can incur late charges when you pay your bills late just as much as you can incur NSF charges when you write a check and it's returned for non-payment, but you might want to call all of your "creditors" or the people you pay bills to and request an extension on your due date or maybe a payment plan of some sort. I've done that before and gotten anywhere from a week to a month extension and did not incur a late fee since I asked for the extension before my payment was late.
It sounds like you need a long term solution to a problem that's been forthcoming seeing as you said you've been on a very strict budget for a long time as it is. Maybe one of you needs to consider getting a part-time job to help make ends meet or at least catch up. You might also need to start considering finding a better paying job for either you or your husband. I learned a long time ago that I got more money each time that I switched jobs rather than getting complacent and comfortable in the same job. I know that's not true in every case but it's something you might look into.
Credit counseling services can be good for some people if they have a lot of credit card debt they need to get out of because they can help get your finance charges reduced or removed, but if credit cards aren't your problem, and it's just everyday living expenses, then there's no magical system that's going to take those expenses away. You'd have to downsize your life or get more money coming in, plain and simple.
Oh, there is one more thing you might try. There is a charitable organization called Modest Needs. "Founded in 2002, Modest Needs is an award-winning charity that works to stop the cycle of poverty before it starts for low-income workers struggling to afford emergency expenses like those we've all encountered before: the unexpected auto repair, the unanticipated trip to the doctor, the unusually large winter heating bill." Here is a link to the website: http://www.modestneeds.org/. On this website, there is a link to apply for short term financial help. Here is what it says next to the link: "If you're facing a short-term financial crisis but don't qualify for conventional types of assistance, we want to help. You can complete our short application online in just about ten minutes." If all you need is $600 to catch up on your bills, maybe these people can help you. You can still try talking to your creditors and your bank branch manager in the mean time, but maybe this organization can do something to help you get back on track as well.
Good luck to you!