Some people are born spenders, others are born savers.
I'm not so sure it's taught as much as it is who you are (though I believe in teaching my children to be responsible).
My sisters and I were all brought up very consistently (5 year total age difference). My oldest sister is constantly in debt and overdrawing her checking account. I'm not sure if she has a dime saved for her 3 kids to go to college in a few years. I've always been a saver and am much more frugal. I honestly think it's my nature (though I HATE bargain shopping).
My husband and I are both working parents. When we got married, we decided on the following system because he's a spender, and I'm a saver.
We each contribute equally to a joint account each month based upon our known expenses (mortgage, car, childcare, utilities, food, college funds, 401K, etc.) and assumed expenses (clothes, shoes, birthday presents, something breaking and requiring repair). What is left-over from each paycheck is automatically put into our personal accounts so we can spend or save as we wish as long as the joint expenses are paid.
We met with an accountant a few months after we married. He told us, soberly, that we were already behind the 8 ball in saving for college/retirement the day we started our first job. So, I'd be sure to budget savings into the equation if possible.
A lot of church groups have Dave Ramsey classes, and there are a ton of free on-line resources.
Good luck!