N.G.
It's very important to understand that a fever is a normal response of the body to foreign invaders like bacteria and viruses. The body recognizes a foreign invader and the brain acts to increase body temperature to make things unsuitable for the foreign invader. Most bacteria can only tolerate a certain temperature range and once outside of it, do not survive. It's important to understand that fever is not the result of damage to the body by germs; the body creates fever in response to exposure to germs. Fever has been shown to increase levels of antiviral substances the body produces and also minerals like copper and zinc, the combination of these and other changes help the body's immune response ward off infection.
What's a high fever and what are the dangers?
A fever is any temperature between 99.6° - 105°F. Fever that results in brain damage is a fear that many parents have, but this concern is not warranted. The body won't let a fever get too high from an infection unless there has been damage to the temperature regulator or "thermostat" of the brain, the hypothalamus. Damage to the hypothalamus can occur from a brain infection (meningitis or encephalitis), or a poisoning. When the weather turns warmer, there is a danger of heat exhaustion and heat stroke. During heat stroke, the body loses the ability to cool itself and control body temperature, and brain damage can result. It is very important to remain well hydrated and cool during extreme temperatures. Another major concern for parents are febrile seizures (convulsions). Seizures occur in 2-6% of children with high fevers. It is thought that these seizures are the body's protective mechanism against rising fevers, like a circuit breaker. Although they can be quite traumatic to parents, they are not the result of, nor do they cause damage to the nervous system. It is very rare for a fever to go above 105°F unless there has been damage to the brain.
Treatment of fevers:
Any treatment with a main objective of lowering a fever is generally a mistake if the fever is not very high (over 105°F.) Most moderate to high fevers (up to 105°F) rarely last more than 3-5 days and can usually be allowed to "run their course." A doctor or parent who worries about bringing down a fever is like a fireman who tries to turn off the fire alarm rather than fight the fire. Fever is a symptom of illness, and suppression of a fever does not make an illness go away. The child should be checked for dehydration and be allowed to rest. Vomiting and diarrhea can cause dehydration, which makes it harder for a body to maintain a stable temperature at high levels. Fluid and electrolyte replacement should be used if this is the case. Excessive bundling, or wrapping of a child should not be done as this could interfere with normal body temperature regulation and could lead to heat exhaustion and even heat stroke. Suppression of fever with aspirin in children is not recommended due to risk of developing Reye's syndrome. Further, long-term acetominophen and ibuprofen use has been found to cause liver and kidney damage. This article is intended to be educational and informative in nature and is not a substitute for medical evaluation and examination.
SOURCES: Victor G. Strang D.C. Ph.C.; Robert Mendelsohn M.D.
In the past I have had a bowl of water and ice, and after wringing out a facecloth you can then press it gently against the childs skin. The child is likely to cry (as my son did) but very quickly I notice his temperature decrease. This can be done reguarly and the fever will pass.
All the best,
N.