I have been in your shoes (and in the puke!).
First of all, for those moms who have posted below that your son might be puking to get into the warm bed - or - for those moms who have sugguested to have him clean up his own puke.... all I have to say is No Way!
My son started the routine J. spoke about right around his 1st birthday. He would get SOO worked up at the thought of me leaving his room that he would sometimes puke before I could even open the door to leave his room. For a while, I gave in too. He slept in our bed for many weeks just because I was exhausted from trying and from cleaning up all the puke. We then decided to try to sleep in his room with him in a twin bed, and simply move him into the crib once he fell asleep - that didnt work either. The second you would get near the crib he'd wake up totally alert and screaming.
So, what worked for us was - patience! I started cutting off the bottles about an hour before bed (to reduce the amt of puke if it was going to come up). Next, I tried a bed time routine. For us it was bath, then enter the baby's bedroom (already dark with soft music on - our son always sleeps with soft music), then sit in the corner with him and read one book. After the book is done I'd sit with him a bit so he could be calm and in HIS room, not ours. Finally, we'd make our way to the crib, and the clingy-ness and crying would start. I'd put him in the crib and quickly sit directly next to the crib - making sure he saw me there but not looking at him. I'd sit directly next to the crib while he cried and cried (but never puked!). If he was getting too worked up I would sometimes put my hand in the bars and pat him or softly give him the "Shhuuushh". The key with my son, was just BEING in the room till he fell asleep. He just wanted to know I was nearby.
The first two nights I was in his room for three hours! But, I can't even begin to tell you how happy I was to have a full night's sleep without a baby foot in my back! :) The next few nights only took about 15 minutes. Today my son is 18 mos old and we skip the routine all together and just lay him in his crib and close the door. It is a terrific thing!
If you try this out, let me know if it works for you! You just have to be patient and loving. Remember not to let your son see you looking at him (I usually just looked straight down while sitting by the crib). By the end of the week you can sit a little farther away from the crib and eventually be out the door :) Woo Hoo! Good luck to you! A.