L.M.
I had this problem with my son for about 8 months. My arms were full of bruises and I looked like a battered wife. UUURGH
I bit him back, did not help. Plus I got looked at as a bad parent. "You cant combat violence with violence" I was told.. and I kind of agree.
Here is what helped.
When I saw that he was going to bite, I would try avoid it from happening by pulling away, or putting him down and ignoring him for a minute or two. Completely! That taught him that if he bites, negative reaction follows. He cried and screamed. I did not budge.
The key is - you have to ignore her completely (It's not time out its IGNORING HER) and not pay any attention to her at all!! She is craving for that attention, that's where the biting comes from. If she does not get it.. even for a whole minute.. she will eventually learn.
Then, I calmly bent down to him and said, "(Called him by his name) NO THANK YOU! Mommy gets owie when you bite.. nice touches, ok? (he is not talking yet, and I did not know weather of not he understood but I continued doing this until it stopped)
When I saw that he was about to bite, I would yelp like a puppy and say awwww, nice touches my angel, OWIE!!! can mommy get a hug instead? Making a sad face... Then when he hugged me I would praise him and say "OH mommy LOVES your big hugs, can I have another one?"
The biting soon turned to hugs.
(If she bites someone else, tend to that child/person first with love and care, make sure she sees you, then turn to her and calmly say.. "Name of child, NO BITE, ok? You made so and so very owie. Go say sorry and give so and so a big hug. Nice touches sweetheart.")
Hope this helps