The reason antibiotics counteract birth control is that antibiotics induce (increase) the production of enzymes in the body that break down estrogen. Since the active birth control pills contain estrogen, this results in a decrease or complete lack of effect by your birth control.
Induction is not something that occurs instantaneously - the body needs to create the proteins that are responsible for the creation of enzymes - this can take up to 7-14 days. Once these enzymes have been made, there is a natural time period for them to be utilized & drop back to normal levels, even after the antibiotics are stopped.
For this reason, there is a larger window of time to use back-up birth control than just the time you are taking the antibiotics. Every person's body is different, so for some people a week, for others a month, after the antibiotic has stopped. Where you are in your cycle also plays a factor in determining when it is safe to rely on the BCP only.
I would err on the side of caution, & use a back-up condom until your next period just to be safe.
FYI - the information above is what I have learned in my courses @ Pharmacy school. Here is a link to the same information, with a bit more detail. http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey...
T.