My now-22 year old son has a super deluxe case of ADHD. Clonidine was the very best medicine he ever used, but back then, they stopped using it for kids with ADD, because it caused liver damage in some people (small percentage, but too risky). He's now doing well on Strattera.
If you're finding that medicine is not helping enough, consider trying this: the Feingold diet. http://www.feingold.org/
It changed my son's life. He went from "Tazmanian Devil" type constant motion and inability to stop his impulses (although he always knew what he had done wrong once he stopped for a moment to think about it) to about B- level behavior......meaning we could live a pretty normal life with him and keep him in kindergarten. Adding medication brought it up to A or A- behavior. When he ate things that are off the diet, the medicine did not work at all. But, when he followed the diet, the medicine could do its work and brought him up enough to be worth it. Then, behavior modification could work, as well.
Many people whose kids have ADD think they must choose between medicine and diet, and Feingold people are definitely slanted against medicine. However, my son had great success using
BOTH simultaneously, and I shudder to think how things would be if we had stuck with medicine alone. He still uses both, although as he's gotten older, he hasn't needed to be as strict with the diet.
Here are a few suggestions, speaking as a M. who would love to go back and re-do some things starting at age 5 for him:
1--Do everything you can to help him gain good social skills, because as he gets a little older other kids will start to reject those who are different or who are disruptive. This wounds the child, who doesn't mean to be "bad". Get together one-on-one with other children, especially if you can find other active boys. Help him learn how to interact well, with some gentle coaching. These kids sometimes miss nonverbal cues and need to learn to tune in to them.
2--Find ways for him to MOVE in appropriate contexts as much as possible to use some of that excess energy. Let him get dirty and make messes. Being told "no" constantly is very discouraging.
3--Focus on the best aspects of your son, and build him up in those areas. AD/HD kids are often very bright and inquisitive, and can have fun personalities. The world needs high energy people and it also needs dreamers. Steer him towards interests where his traits are valued.
4--If he wants to move while he's doing homework (and later while studying) LET HIM. This used to drive me nuts!! But I've learned a lot about brain development and cognitive processes, and the fact is that some people need to move in order to process information. It sure helped me cope with the pen tappers and foot jigglers in my classrooms later!! Help him find ways to move that won't distract others (squeezing a ball, tapping the pencil in his lap, etc.) and let him do whatever helps him when he's working alone at home.
If you decide to try Feingold, send me a private message and there are a lot of ideas I can share with you that can make it easier.
P.S. That "Tasmanian Devil" child has turned out pretty well. When he was five, I was really worried!!!! He'll graduate from Rice University in a few weeks with a double major. All that energy has some benefits!!